HS Code for Springs
Springs of iron or steel are classified under heading 7320 of the HTSUS, which covers springs and leaves for springs. The heading splits first by spring type: leaf springs (7320.10), helical or coil springs (7320.20), and other springs such as flat, spiral and wire-form springs (7320.90), with motor vehicle suspension springs and wire thickness driving the finer breakouts. Springs of other metals sit with their own material, for example copper springs under heading 7419. General rates in the featured lines are low, from Free for hairsprings to about 3.9% for most coil springs, so identifying the material and spring type is the first step in exploring the most appropriate code.
HTS Codes for Springs
| HTS Code | Description | Duty Rate |
|---|---|---|
| 7320.10.30.00 | Leaf springs and leaves therefor, of iron or steel, suitable for motor vehicle suspension, for vehicles with a G.V.W. not exceeding 4 metric tons Steel leaf springs for light vehicle suspension (gross vehicle weight up to 4 metric tons) | 3.2% |
| 7320.10.60.15 | Leaf springs suitable for motor vehicle suspension, other, having individual leaves 1.6 mm or more thick, and leaves therefor Steel leaf springs for heavier vehicle suspension, with leaves 1.6 mm or more thick | 3.2% |
| 7320.10.90.15 | Other leaf springs of iron or steel, having individual leaves 1.6 mm or more thick, and leaves therefor Steel leaf springs not designed for motor vehicle suspension (for example trailers and machinery) | 3.2% |
| 7320.20.10.00 | Helical springs of iron or steel, suitable for motor-vehicle suspension Steel coil springs for vehicle suspension | 3.2% |
| 7320.20.50.10 | Helical springs of wire under 5.1 mm cross-section, suitable for mattress supports and mattresses of heading 9404 Fine-wire steel coil springs for mattresses and mattress supports (innerspring units) | 3.9% |
| 7320.20.50.20 | Helical springs of wire with a cross-sectional dimension under 5.1 mm, other Small steel compression, extension and torsion coil springs made from wire under 5.1 mm | 3.9% |
| 7320.20.50.45 | Helical springs of wire with a cross-sectional dimension of 5.1 mm or more but under 12.7 mm Medium steel coil springs made from wire 5.1 mm up to 12.7 mm | 3.9% |
| 7320.20.50.60 | Other helical springs of iron or steel Heavy steel coil springs (wire 12.7 mm or more) and other helical springs | 3.9% |
| 7320.90.10.00 | Hairsprings of iron or steel Fine spiral hairsprings of steel | Free |
| 7320.90.50.20 | Other springs of iron or steel, of wire, other than for mattresses Non-helical wire springs of steel, such as shaped wire forms | 2.9% |
| 7320.90.50.60 | Other springs of iron or steel, not of wire Flat, disc, spiral and stamped steel springs not made from wire | 2.9% |
| 7419.80.16.00 | Copper springs Springs of copper and copper alloys such as beryllium copper and phosphor bronze | 3% |
How to Approach Classification for Springs
Springs are one of the 'parts of general use' named in the notes to Section XV of the HTSUS, which shapes how they are classified. Because of that status, a spring generally stays in the spring heading for its metal even when it is made for a specific machine, vehicle or appliance, rather than following the machine's own parts heading. So the starting point is the material (steel springs point toward heading 7320) and then the type of spring.
Within heading 7320, the first branch is the spring type. Leaf springs and their leaves point toward 7320.10, helical (coil) springs toward 7320.20, and all other steel springs toward 7320.90. Coil springs include compression, extension and torsion springs wound from wire, while the 'other' group covers flat springs, spiral springs, disc springs, wire forms and hairsprings.
The next branch for leaf and coil springs is whether they are suitable for motor vehicle suspension. Suspension leaf springs point toward 7320.10.30 for vehicles with a gross vehicle weight up to 4 metric tons or 7320.10.60 for others, and suspension coil springs toward 7320.20.10. Non-suspension coil springs fall to 7320.20.50, where the statistical suffix follows the wire cross-section (under 5.1 mm, 5.1 mm up to 12.7 mm, and larger) with a separate line for mattress springs. For leaf springs, the thickness of the individual leaves (1.6 mm or more) steers the suffix.
Springs of other materials point toward their own chapters. Copper and copper-alloy springs (for example beryllium copper or phosphor bronze) point toward 7419.80.16, and springs of other base metals follow their metal. Some spring-like products are not treated as springs at all: gas springs and gas struts are usually reviewed as cylinders or other devices rather than under heading 7320, and complete innerspring mattresses point toward heading 9404. Springs for clocks and watches point toward the chapter 91 parts provisions rather than heading 7320.
A practical approach is to confirm the material, identify the spring type (leaf, helical or other), check whether it is designed for motor vehicle suspension, and, for coil springs, measure the wire cross-section. That sequence usually points toward a single most-appropriate line to explore.
Duty Rate Overview
General duty rates for springs are low. Steel leaf springs and suspension coil springs are around 3.2%, other helical springs around 3.9%, and other steel springs (wire forms, flat and spiral springs) around 2.9%, while steel hairsprings carry a general rate of Free. Copper springs under heading 7419 are around 3%. Preferential rates under free trade agreements may reduce or eliminate these duties for qualifying origins.
These figures are the general (MFN) rates only. Depending on origin and product, Section 232 measures on steel and steel derivative products, Section 301 duties or IEEPA duties may apply on top of the base rate, and antidumping or countervailing duty orders can reach certain steel products from specific countries, so those are worth reviewing separately. These figures are estimates for general planning purposes only.